Journal of Emergency Nursing
Volume 32, Issue 4, Supplement , Pages S8-S11 , August 2006

Acute Cyanide Toxicity: Mechanisms and Manifestations

  • Lewis Nelson, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationFor correspondence, write: Lewis Nelson, MD, New York City Poison Control Center, 455 First Avenue, Room 123, New York, NY 10016

References 

  1. Kerns WP, Kirk MA. Cyanide and hydrogen sulfide. In:  Flomenbaum NE,  Goldfrank LR,  Hoffman RS,  Howland MA,  Lewin N,  Nelson LS editor. Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies. 8th ed.. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2006;p. 1498–1514
  2. Musshoff F, Schmidt P, Madea B, et al. Cyanide fatalities: case studies of four suicides and one homicide. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2002;23:215–320
  3. Ballantyne B. Artifacts in the definition of toxicity by cyanides and cyanogens. Fund Appl Toxicol. 1983;3:400–405
  4. Baskin SI, Brewer TG. Cyanide poisoning. Textbook of military medicine: medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare. Chapter 10. The Virtual Naval Hospital. Available from URL: http://www.bordeninstitute.army.mil/cwbw/default.htmAccessed March 26, 2006
  5. Megarbane B, Delahaye A, Goldgran-Toledano D, Baud FJ. Antidotal treatment of cyanide poisoning. J Chin Med Assoc. 2003;66:193–203
  6. Kirk RL, Stenhaus NS. Ability to smell solutions of KCN. Nature. 1953;171:698–699
  7. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Cyanide toxicity. Am Fam Physician. 1993;48:107–114
  8. Persson SA, Cassel G, Sellstrom A. Acute cyanide intoxication and central transmitter systems. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1985;5:S150–S159
  9. Rosenow F, Herholz K, Lanfermann H, Weuthen G, Ebner R, Kessler J, et al. Neurological sequelae of cyanide intoxication—the patterns of clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography findings. Ann Neurol. 1995;38:825–828
  10. Baskin SI, Rockwood GA. Neurotoxicological and behavioral effects of cyanide and its potential therapies. Mil Psychol. 2002;14:159–177
  11. Borgohain R, Singh AK, Radhakrishna H, Rao VC, Mohandas S. Delayed onset generalized dystonia after cyanide poisoning. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1995;97:213–215
  12. Zaknun JJ, Stieglbauer K, Trenkler J, Aichner F. Cyanide-induced akinetic rigid syndrome: clinical, MRI, FDG-PET, beta-CIT, and HMPAO SPECT findings. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2005;11:125–129
  13. Borron SW, Baud FJ. Toxicity, cyanide. February 2003. Available from URL: www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic118.htmAccessed January 13, 2004
  14. Baud FJ, Borron SW, Megarbane B, Trout H, Lapostolle F, Vicaut E, et al. Value of lactic acidosis in the assessment of the severity of acute cyanide poisoning. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:2044–2050
  15. Borron SW. Recognition and treatment of acute cyanide poisoning. J Emerg Med. 2006;32(suppl):S12–S18

PII: S0099-1767(06)00271-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2006.05.012

Journal of Emergency Nursing
Volume 32, Issue 4, Supplement , Pages S8-S11 , August 2006

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