Journal of Emergency Nursing
Volume 32, Issue 4, Supplement , Pages S3-S7 , August 2006

Cyanide: Sources, Perceptions, and Risks

  • Robert Schnepp, EMT-P

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationFor correspondence, write: Robert Schnepp, EMT-P, 1425 Inspiration Drive, Modesto, CA 95357

References 

  1. United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Occupational exposure to hydrogen cyanide and cyanide salts. DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-108. October 1976.
  2. Guidotti T. Acute cyanide poisoning in prehospital care: new challenges, new tools for intervention. Prehosp Disast Med. 2006;21:s40–s48
  3. United States Department of Health and Human Services. Toxicological profile for cyanide. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; September 2004;
  4. Karter MJ. Fire loss in the United States during 2004. Fire Analysis Research Division, National Fire Protection Association. September 2005; Quincy, MA. Available from URL: www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/OS.fireloss.pdfAccessed March 28, 2006
  5. Tuovinen H, Blomqvist P. Modeling of hydrogen cyanide formation in room fires. Brandforsk project 321-011. SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute. SP Report 2003:10. Borås, Sweden, 2003.
  6. Baud F, Barriot P, Toffis V, et al. Elevated blood cyanide concentrations in victims of smoke inhalation. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1761–1766
  7. Alarie Y. Toxicity of fire smoke. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2002;32:259–289
  8. Alsh DW. Cyanide: a ubiquitous product of combustion in modern fires. fireEMS. 2005;May:6–11
  9. Koschel MJ. Management of the cyanide-poisoned patient. [Citation for accompanying supplement paper to be inserted when available.]
  10. Borron SW. Recognition and treatment of acute cyanide poisoning. [Citation for accompanying supplement paper to be inserted when available.]
  11. Anonymous. Man to be sentenced for cyanide possession. Houston Chronicle. 4 May 2004. Available from URL: www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=2004_3759824Accessed March 28, 2006
  12. Anonymous. Media revolt: a manifesto. Available from URL: dneiwert.blogspot.com/2004_05_02_dneiwert_archive.html7 May 2004. Accessed March 28, 2006
  13. Anonymous. Cyanide, arsenal stirs domestic terror fear. 30 January 2004. Available from URL: www.cnn.com/2004/US/Southwest/01/30/cyanide.probe.ap/Accessed March 28, 2006
  14. Stewart C, Molino LN. Cyanide as a chemical weapon: a primer for emergency medical responders. Frontline First Responder 2004 October.
  15. Eckstein M. Cyanide as a chemical terrorism weapon. JEMS. 2004;29:22–31
  16. Gossel TA, Bricker JD. Carbon monoxide, cyanide, and sulfide. In: Principles of clinical toxicology. 3rd ed.. New York: Raven Press; 1994;p. 109–134
  17. World Health Organization. Hydrogen cyanide and cyanides: human health aspects. Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 61. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004;

PII: S0099-1767(06)00267-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2006.05.008

Journal of Emergency Nursing
Volume 32, Issue 4, Supplement , Pages S3-S7 , August 2006